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Emotional prosody or affective prosody is the various paralinguistic aspects of language use that convey emotion. [1] It includes an individual's tone of voice in speech that is conveyed through changes in pitch, loudness, timbre, speech rate, and pauses. It can be isolated from semantic information, and interacts with verbal content (e.g ...
A good example is the work of John J. Gumperz on language and social identity, which specifically describes paralinguistic differences between participants in intercultural interactions. [5] The film Gumperz made for BBC in 1982, Multiracial Britain: Cross talk , does a particularly good job of demonstrating cultural differences in paralanguage ...
Some emotion-prosody mappings are nearly universal in nature, such as the expressions of pain, and others more language-specific, such the expressions of envy or remorse. Sociolinguistically, English prosody varies significantly across dialects, and prosody is important in constructing social identities, including gender identies and social roles.
In linguistics, affect is an attitude or emotion that a speaker brings to an utterance. Affects such as sarcasm, contempt, dismissal, distaste, disgust, disbelief, exasperation, boredom, anger, joy, respect or disrespect, sympathy, pity, gratitude, wonder, admiration, humility, and awe are frequently conveyed through paralinguistic mechanisms such as intonation, facial expression, and gesture ...
In general, prosody introduces features that reflect either attributes of the speaker or the utterance type. Speaker attributes include emotional state, as well as the presence of irony or sarcasm. Utterance-level attributes are used to mark questions, statements and commands, and they can also be used to mark contrast.
The children in the experiments were able to determine the target word as a noun when it was in a sentence with a prosodic structure typical for a noun and as a verb when it was in a sentence with a prosodic structure typical for a verb. Children by the age of 4 use phrasal prosody to determine the syntactic structure of different sentences. [12]
Prosody reflects the nuanced emotional features of the speaker or of their utterances: their obvious or underlying emotional state, the form of utterance (statement, question, or command), the presence of irony or sarcasm, certain emphasis on words or morphemes, contrast, focus, and so on.
Prosody also contributes to communicative effectiveness, especially in dialog situations. [3] Learners need prosodic skills in order to: track what is being said and its social meaning, effectively express their own feelings and intentions, execute social actions such as offering, apologizing, and praising, and, often, to be accepted.