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Standard Mandarin Chinese is based on Beijing dialect, with some lexical and syntactic influence from other Mandarin dialects. It is the official spoken language of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Taiwan (Republic of China, ROC), as well as one of the four official languages of Singapore , and a high-prestige minority language [ 11 ...
Gui–Liu Mandarin (simplified Chinese: 桂柳官话; traditional Chinese: 桂柳官話) is a group of Southwestern Mandarin varieties spoken predominantly in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is named after the cities of Guilin and Liuzhou , two main cities in the northeast of the province.
[11] [12] It is colloquially referred to as simply Mandarin, [13] though this term may also refer to the Mandarin dialect group as a whole, or the late imperial form used as a lingua franca. [14] [15] [16] [13] "Mandarin" is a translation of Guanhua (官話; 官话; 'bureaucrat speech'), [17] which referred to the late imperial lingua franca. [18]
Standard Chinese is usually considered more formal and is required when speaking to a person who does not understand the local dialect. The local dialect (be it non-Standard Chinese or non-Mandarin altogether) is generally considered more intimate and is used among close family members and friends and in everyday conversation within the local area.
Recitation of Chinese text in one Chinese variety by literate speakers of another mutually unintelligible one, e.g. Mandarin and Cantonese. Learning Classical or Modern Chinese. Use with a standard QWERTY or Dvorak keyboard. Replacing Chinese characters to bring functional literacy to illiterate Chinese speakers.
官話字母; Guānhuà zìmǔ, developed by Wang Zhao (1859–1933), was the first alphabetic writing system for Chinese developed by a Chinese person. This system was modeled on Japanese katakana, which he learned during a two-year stay in Japan, and consisted of letters that were based on components of Chinese characters.