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Plastic pollution in the ocean is a type of marine pollution by plastics, ranging in size from large original material such as bottles and bags, down to microplastics formed from the fragmentation of plastic material. Marine debris is mainly discarded human rubbish which floats on, or is suspended in the ocean.
Animal agriculture worldwide encompasses 83% of farmland (but only accounts for 18% of the global calorie intake), and the direct consumption of animals as well as over-harvesting them is causing environmental degradation through habitat alteration, biodiversity loss, climate change, pollution, and trophic interactions. [174]
[28] [29] [30] One well known example of a species affected is the polar bear, whose habitat in the Arctic is threatened. [31] Algae can also be affected when it grows on the underside of sea ice. [32] Warm-water coral reefs are very sensitive to global warming and ocean acidification. Coral reefs provide a habitat for thousands of species.
Breaking it down by impact category: 98% of the parks they studied suffered from haze pollution, 96% faced ozone pollution that impacts humans and 96% of national parks have plants and animals ...
Jack mackerel caught by a Chilean purse seiner Fishing down the food web. Overfishing is the removal of a species of fish (i.e. fishing) from a body of water at a rate greater than that the species can replenish its population naturally (i.e. the overexploitation of the fishery's existing fish stock), resulting in the species becoming increasingly underpopulated in that area.
Fouling is when oil harms wildlife via coating itself on an animal or plant physically. [101] Oil Impacts on Coral Reef Communities. Oil pollution is hazardous to living marine habitats due to its toxic constituents. Oil spills occur due to natural seepage and during activities such as transportation and handling. These spills harm the marine ...
This illegal trading is worth an estimate of 7-23 billion [30] and an annual trade of around 100 million plants and animals. [31] In 2021 it was found that this trade has caused a 60% decline in species abundance, and 80% for endangered species. [31] This trade can be devastating to both humans and animals.
Plastic pollution has the potential to poison animals, which can then adversely affect human food supplies. [ 161 ] [ 162 ] Plastic pollution has been described as being highly detrimental to large marine mammals , described in the book Introduction to Marine Biology as posing the "single greatest threat" to them. [ 163 ]