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Exchange-rate pass-through (ERPT) is a measure of how responsive international prices are to changes in exchange rates. Formally, exchange-rate pass-through is the elasticity of local-currency import prices with respect to the local-currency price of foreign currency. It is often measured as the percentage change, in the local currency, of ...
Each month, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) measures the differences in price levels between its member countries by calculating the ratios of PPPs for private final consumption expenditure to exchange rates. The OECD table below indicates the number of US dollars needed in each of the countries listed to buy ...
In addition to the absolute pass-through that uses incremental values (i.e., $2 cost shock causing $1 increase in price yields a 50% pass-through rate), some researchers use pass-through elasticity, where the ratio is calculated based on percentage change of price and cost (for example, with elasticity of 0.5, a 2% increase in cost yields a 1% increase in price).
In monetary economics, the equation of exchange is the relation: = where, for a given period, is the total money supply in circulation on average in an economy. is the velocity of money, that is the average frequency with which a unit of money is spent.
Using the factor rate provided by the lender, you can quickly calculate the cost of the borrowed funds. For example, if you borrowed $100,000 with a factor rate of 1.5, multiply those two figures ...
When the price elasticity of demand is unit (or unitary) elastic (E d = −1), the percentage change in quantity demanded is equal to that in price, so a change in price will not affect total revenue. When the price elasticity of demand is relatively elastic (−∞ < E d < −1), the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than that ...
How to calculate factor rate costs. One of the benefits of factor rates is that they make it easy to calculate the cost of your loan. Simply multiply the loan’s principal by the factor rate.
Suppose the U.S. exports 100 million tons of goods to Japan at a price of $1/ton and imports 100 million tons at a price of 100 yen/ton and an exchange rate of $.01/yen, so the trade balance is zero, $100 million of goods going each way. Then the dollar depreciates by 10%, so the exchange rate is $.011/yen.