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The Code noir (French pronunciation: [kɔd nwaʁ], Black code) was a decree passed by King Louis XIV of France in 1685 defining the conditions of slavery in the French colonial empire and served as the code for slavery conduct in the French colonies up until 1789 the year marking the beginning of the French Revolution.
The Demonstration of 20 June 1792 (French: Journée du 20 juin 1792) was the last bloodless attempt made by the revolutionaries of Paris to persuade King Louis XVI of France to abandon his current policy and adopt a more compliant role in the escalating frenzy of the French Revolution.
The effective abolition of slavery in France was enacted with the Decree abolishing Slavery of 27 April 1848 . In particular Martinique was the first French overseas territory in which the decree for the abolition of slavery actually came into force, on 23 May 1848. [8] Gabon was founded as a settlement for emancipated slaves. [9]
The decree entailed that any slave setting foot on French ground should be freed. [7] However some limited cases of slavery continued until the 17th century in some of France's Mediterranean harbors in Provence , and slavery was common in many of France's overseas territories until the 18th century and again for the first half of the 19th century.
The Coup of 18 Brumaire and the rise to power of Napoleon led to a reversal of French policies regarding slavery. Initially, Napoleon was indifferent to colonial slavery, though he was eventually convinced by proslavery lobbyists in France that substantial profits could be made if slavery was restored to French colonies. [ 19 ]
The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (French: Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du citoyen de 1789), set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human and civil rights document from the French Revolution; the French title can also be translated in the modern era as "Declaration of Human and Civic Rights".
The Société des amis des Noirs in France originally opposed slavery during the 1780s, but much of the opposition was ignored as a result of the French Revolution breaking out. [71] The French showed a much greater willingness to act on the issue of slavery when the threat of a war with Spain seemed imminent. [72]