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In theoretical chemistry, an energy profile is a theoretical representation of a chemical reaction or process as a single energetic pathway as the reactants are transformed into products. This pathway runs along the reaction coordinate , which is a parametric curve that follows the pathway of the reaction and indicates its progress; thus ...
Chemical energy is the energy that can be released when chemical substances undergo a transformation through a chemical reaction. Breaking and making chemical bonds involves energy release or uptake, often as heat that may be either absorbed by or evolved from the chemical system.
Such thermal energy manifests itself, however, in changes in the non-chemical state variables (such as temperature, pressure, volume) of the joint systems, as well as the changes in the mole numbers of the chemical constituents that describe the chemical reaction. [citation needed] Internal energy is defined with respect to some standard state.
Hess's law states that the sum of the energy changes of all thermochemical equations included in an overall reaction is equal to the overall energy change. Since Δ H {\displaystyle \Delta H} is a state function and is not dependent on how reactants become products as a result, steps (in the form of several thermochemical equations) can be used ...
Reaction intermediates are chemical species, often unstable and short-lived. They can, however, sometimes be isolated. They are neither reactants nor products of the overall chemical reaction, but temporary products and/or reactants in the mechanism's reaction steps. Reaction intermediates are often confused with the transition state.
Chemical energy is the energy of chemical substances that is released when the substances undergo a chemical reaction and transform into other substances. Some examples of storage media of chemical energy include batteries, [1] food, and gasoline (as well as oxygen gas, which is of high chemical energy due to its relatively weak double bond [2] and indispensable for chemical-energy release in ...
Chemical reactions are usually characterized by a chemical change, and they yield one or more products, which usually have properties different from the reactants. Reactions often consist of a sequence of individual sub-steps, the so-called elementary reactions , and the information on the precise course of action is part of the reaction ...
In the Arrhenius model of reaction rates, activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that must be available to reactants for a chemical reaction to occur. [1] The activation energy ( E a ) of a reaction is measured in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). [ 2 ]