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Archimedes principle, relating buoyancy to the weight of displaced water, is an early example of a law in science. Another early one developed by Malthus is the population principle, now called the Malthusian principle. [8] Freud also wrote on principles, especially the reality principle necessary to keep the id and pleasure principle in check.
In mathematics, specifically ring theory, a principal ideal is an ideal in a ring that is generated by a single element of through multiplication by every element of . The term also has another, similar meaning in order theory, where it refers to an (order) ideal in a poset generated by a single element , which is to say the set of all elements less than or equal to in .
In principal ideal domains a near converse holds: every nonzero prime ideal is maximal. All principal ideal domains are integrally closed. The previous three statements give the definition of a Dedekind domain, and hence every principal ideal domain is a Dedekind domain. Let A be an integral domain, the following are equivalent. A is a PID.
In philosophy and science, a first principle is a basic proposition or assumption that cannot be deduced from any other proposition or assumption. First principles in philosophy are from first cause [ 1 ] attitudes and taught by Aristotelians , and nuanced versions of first principles are referred to as postulates by Kantians .
In many Australian and New Zealand schools, a principal is the head administrator of a school who has been appointed to her/his position by the school board, superintendent, or other body. The principal, often in conjunction with the school board, makes the executive decisions that govern the school, as well as having the authority over the ...
Principal (academia), the chief executive of a university Principal (education), the head of a school; Principal (civil service) or principal officer, the senior management level in the UK Civil Service; Principal dancer, the top rank in ballet; Principal (music), the top rank in an orchestra
In commercial law, a principal is a person, legal or natural, who authorizes an agent to act to create one or more legal relationships with a third party.This branch of law is called agency and relies on the common law proposition qui facit per alium, facit per se (from Latin: "he who acts through another, acts personally").
The principal–agent problem typically arises where the two parties have different interests and asymmetric information (the agent having more information), such that the principal cannot directly ensure that the agent is always acting in the principal's best interest, particularly when activities that are useful to the principal are costly to ...