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  2. Ezāfe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezāfe

    [1] [3] [4] [2] In Hindi-Urdu, a short vowel "i" is used to connect these two words, and when pronouncing the newly formed word the short vowel is connected to the first word. If the first word ends in a consonant or an ʿain ( ع ), it may be written as zer ( ــِـ ) at the end of the first word, but usually is not written at all.

  3. Hindustani grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_grammar

    Compound verbs, a highly visible feature of Hindi–Urdu grammar, consist of a verbal stem plus a light verb. The light verb (also called "subsidiary", "explicator verb", and "vector" [ 55 ] ) loses its own independent meaning and instead "lends a certain shade of meaning" [ 56 ] to the main or stem verb, which "comprises the lexical core of ...

  4. Periphrasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periphrasis

    The correspondence in meaning across inflected forms and their periphrastic equivalents within the same language or across different languages leads to a basic question. Individual words are always constituents, but their periphrastic equivalents are often not. Given this mismatch in syntactic form, one can pose the following questions: how ...

  5. Letter (message) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_(message)

    The study of letter writing usually involves both the study of rhetoric and grammar. [6] Historians of the medieval period often study family letter collections, which gather the personal and business correspondence of a group of related people and shed light on their daily life.

  6. Hindustani verbs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_verbs

    Hindustani is extremely rich in complex verbs formed by the combinations of noun/adjective and a verb. Complex verbs are of two types: transitive and intransitive. [3]The transitive verbs are obtained by combining nouns/adjectives with verbs such as karnā 'to do', lenā 'to take', denā 'to give', jītnā 'to win' etc.

  7. Hindustani vocabulary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_vocabulary

    Hindustani, also known as Hindi-Urdu, like all Indo-Aryan languages, has a core base of Sanskrit-derived vocabulary, which it gained through Prakrit. [1] As such the standardized registers of the Hindustani language (Hindi-Urdu) share a common vocabulary, especially on the colloquial level. [ 2 ]

  8. Urdu - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu

    The name Urdu was first introduced by the poet Ghulam Hamadani Mushafi around 1780. [29] [30] As a literary language, Urdu took shape in courtly, elite settings. [80] [81] While Urdu retained the grammar and core Indo-Aryan vocabulary of the local Indian dialect Khariboli, it adopted the Perso-Arab writing system, written in the Nastaleeq style.

  9. Grammatical person - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_person

    In linguistics, grammatical person is the grammatical distinction between deictic references to participant(s) in an event; typically, the distinction is between the speaker (first person), the addressee (second person), and others (third person).