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Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and sclera due to high bilirubin levels. [ 3 ] [ 6 ] Jaundice in adults is typically a sign indicating the presence of underlying diseases involving abnormal heme metabolism , liver dysfunction , or biliary-tract obstruction. [ 7 ]
Most infants affected by neonatal cholestasis will present with jaundice, scleral icterus, failure to thrive after two weeks, acholic/pale stools, and dark urine. [4] Additional symptoms may vary based on the cause of neonatal cholestasis.
Conjunctival icterus can be quantified by the Jaundice Eye Colour Index (JECI) through digital photography of the sclera, where a JECI of 0 indicates a white colour, and a JECI of 0.1 indicates an intense yellow colour, which is a sign of hemolytic jaundice. [31]
In severe cases, it is manifested as jaundice, the yellowing of tissues like skin and the sclera when excess bilirubin deposits in them. [1] The US records 52,500 jaundice patients annually. [ 2 ] By definition, bilirubin concentration of greater than 3 mg/dL is considered hyperbilirubinemia, following which jaundice progressively develops and ...
Neonatal jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the white part of the eyes and skin in a newborn baby due to high bilirubin levels. [1] Other symptoms may include excess sleepiness or poor feeding. [ 1 ]
Jaundice may be noticeable in the sclera of the eyes at levels of about 2 to 3 mg/dl (34 to 51 μmol/L), [27] and in the skin at higher levels. [note 1] Jaundice is classified, depending upon whether the bilirubin is free or conjugated to glucuronic acid, into conjugated jaundice or unconjugated jaundice. [citation needed]
Yellowing of the skin and eyes (scleral icterus). The most common physical indications of cholangiocarcinoma are abnormal liver function tests , jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin occurring when bile ducts are blocked by tumor), abdominal pain (30–50%), generalized itching (66%), weight loss (30–50%), fever (up to 20%), and changes in ...
Jaundice is caused by the accumulation of biliverdin or bilirubin (or both) in the circulatory system and tissues. [1] Jaundiced skin and sclera (whites of the eyes) ...