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Lord Kitchener took over control of British forces from Field Marshal The 1st Baron Roberts and was responsible for expanding the British response to the Boers' guerrilla tactics. The 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, under whom Lord Kitchener served.
' Second Freedom War ', 11 October 1899 – 31 May 1902), also known as the Boer War, Transvaal War, [8] Anglo–Boer War, or South African War, was a conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer republics (the South African Republic and Orange Free State) over the Empire's influence in Southern Africa.
The First Boer War (Afrikaans: Eerste Vryheidsoorlog, lit. ' First Freedom War '), was fought from 16 December 1880 until 23 March 1881 between the British Empire and Boers of the Transvaal (as the South African Republic was known while under British administration). [2]
In the First Boer War, the Boers became independent from British colonial control. Later, in the Second Boer War the Boers declared war on the Cape Colony over the placement of British troops. The British colonial forces eventually captured all Boer major cities, and the formerly free South African Republic came under the control of the British.
Pelling, H. British Labour and British Imperialism: Popular Politics and Society in Late Victorian Britain (1968). Porter, Bernard. "The Pro-Boers in Britain." in Peter Warwick, ed. The South African War: The Anglo-Boer War 1899–1902 (1980): 239–42. Price, Richard. An Imperial War and the British Working Class (Toronto, 1972) Readman, Paul.
Milner became the most prominent voice in the British government advocating war with the Boer republics to secure British control over the region. [7] After meeting Milner for the first time, Boer soldier (and future politician) Jan Smuts predicted that he would become "more dangerous than Rhodes" and "a second Bartle Frere". [8]
Southern Africa, seen as vital for the security of the Empire, was only partially under British control at the time. Black African and Boer states remained uncolonised, and the Cape Colony had just attained a degree of independence. [5] Confederating the various states under British rule was seen as the best way of establishing overall British ...
The Boer commando at Bronkhorstspruit is estimated by modern historians to have contained 200–300 men, [30] [31] [32] though contemporary British reports often exaggerated that figure; [24] an article appearing in The Daily Telegraph in March 1881 for example, reported the force to number between 1,200 and 1,500.