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The first heart sound, or S 1, forms the "lub" of "lub-dub" and is composed of components M 1 (mitral valve closure) and T 1 (tricuspid valve closure). Normally M 1 precedes T 1 slightly. It is caused by the closure of the atrioventricular valves , i.e. tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid), at the beginning of ventricular contraction, or systole .
Heart murmurs are unique heart sounds produced when blood flows across a heart valve or blood vessel. [1] This occurs when turbulent blood flow creates a sound loud enough to hear with a stethoscope. [2] The sound differs from normal heart sounds by their characteristics. For example, heart murmurs may have a distinct pitch, duration and timing.
Auscultation is performed for the purposes of examining the circulatory and respiratory systems (heart and breath sounds), as well as the alimentary canal. The term was introduced by René Laennec . The act of listening to body sounds for diagnostic purposes has its origin further back in history, possibly as early as Ancient Egypt.
A heart valve is a biological one-way valve that allows blood to flow in one direction through the chambers of the heart. A mammalian heart usually has four valves. Together, the valves determine the direction of blood flow through the heart. Heart valves are opened or closed by a difference in blood pressure on each side. [1] [2] [3]
A gallop rhythm refers to a (usually abnormal) rhythm of the heart on auscultation. [1] It includes three or four sounds, thus resembling the sounds of a gallop.. The normal heart rhythm contains two audible heart sounds called S 1 and S 2 that give the well-known "lub-dub" rhythm; they are caused by the closing of valves in the heart.
English: Heart sounds auscultation areas. Colors: red - tricuspid valve, yellow - pulmonary valve, green - mitral valve, navy - aortic valve, light blue - Erb's point.
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