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Sharia prohibits riba, or usury, defined as interest paid on all loans of money (although some Muslims dispute whether there is a consensus that interest is equivalent to riba). [4] [5] Investment in businesses that provide goods or services considered contrary to Islamic principles (e.g. pork or alcohol) is also haraam ("sinful and prohibited").
Zaheer considers profit from credit sales to be riba, the same as interest, and notes the lack of enthusiasm of orthodox scholars – such as the Council of Islamic Ideology – for credit sales-based Islamic Banking, which they (the council) call "no more than a second best solution from the viewpoint of an ideal Islamic system". [148]
[14] But not all trade is allowed in Islam. The Qur'an prohibits gambling ( maisir , games of chance involving money). While the Quran does not specifically mention gharar (risk), several hadith prohibit selling products like "the birds in the sky or the fish in the water", "the catch of the diver", or an "unborn calf in its mother's womb". [ 15 ]
The similarity between credit sales and conventional non-Islamic ("ribawi") loans has been noted (some calling murabaha a "semantic work-around" for interest charging loans), [336] necessary because businesses "cannot survive where cash and credit prices are equal", and urges that bank interest not be judged haram. [348]
It is based on the principle of helping others without expecting a financial gain. However some Ulama deem it a form of interest-free loan (fungible, marketable wealth) that is extended by a lender to a borrower on the basis of benevolence (ihsan). Al-qardh, from a shari’a point of view, is a non commutative contract, as it involves a ...
Islamic economics grew naturally from the Islamic revival and political Islam whose adherents considered Islam to be a complete system of life in all its aspects, rather than a spiritual formula [86] and believed that it logically followed that Islam must have an economic system, unique from and superior to non-Islamic economic systems.
In such a case, according to Usmani, the "price is against a commodity and not against money" — and so permitted in Islam. [30] When a credit transaction is made without the purchase of a specific commodity or product, (i.e. a loan is made charging interest), the added charge for deferred payment is for "nothing but time", and so is forbidden ...
The industry has been praised for turning a "theory" into an industry that has grown to about $2 trillion in size; [6] [7] [8] for attracting banking users whose religious objections have kept them away from conventional banking services, [9] drawing non-Muslim bankers into the field, [2] and (according to other supporters) introducing a more stable, less risky form of finance.