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Mebendazole is given twice a day for three consecutive days, while albendazole is given as a single dose. WHO recommends annual treatment in areas where between 20 and 50% of people are infected, and a twice-a-year treatment if it is over 50%; and in low-risk situations (i.e. less than 20% prevalence) case-by-case treatment.
Albendazole is a broad-spectrum antihelmintic and antiprotozoal agent of the benzimidazole type. [3] It is used for the treatment of a variety of intestinal parasite infections, including ascariasis, pinworm infection, hookworm infection, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, taeniasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, cutaneous larva migrans, giardiasis, and gnathostomiasis, among other diseases.
In humans, treatment is by anthelminthic medications, such as albendazole and mebendazole. [13] Treatment in animals can be done with a variety of anthelminthics. [1] A high-protein diet, supplemental iron, or a blood transfusion may also be necessary. [1] Levamisole and pyrantel pamoate are also used to treat hookworm anemia and hookworm disease.
Hookworm infection can be treated with local cryotherapy when the hookworm is still in the skin. [30] Albendazole is effective both in the intestinal stage and during the stage the parasite is still migrating under the skin. [30] In the case of anemia, iron supplementation can cause relief symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia.
However, albendazole had a 95% cure rate for N. americanus, while mebendazole only had a 21% cure rate. This suggests albendazole is most effective for treating both T. trichiura and N. americanus. [7] During the 1910s, common treatments for hookworm included thymol, 2-naphthol, chloroform, gasoline, and eucalyptus oil. [8]
Ancylostoma caninum is a species of nematode known as a hookworm, which principally infects the small intestine of dogs. [1] [2] [3] The result of A. caninum infection ranges from asymptomatic cases to death of the dog; better nourishment, increasing age, prior A. caninum exposure, or vaccination are all linked to improved survival.
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