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The partition coefficient, abbreviated P, is defined as a particular ratio of the concentrations of a solute between the two solvents (a biphase of liquid phases), specifically for un- ionized solutes, and the logarithm of the ratio is thus log P. [10]: 275ff When one of the solvents is water and the other is a non-polar solvent, then the log P ...
For nonionic organic contaminants, the K OC can be determined based on the octanol-water partition coefficient (K OW). C OC is the organic carbon normalized sediment concentration (micrograms per kilogram OC) and C d is the dissolved interstitial water concentration (milligrams per liter). The equation above can be rearranged to: C OC = K OC C d.
Bioconcentration. In aquatic toxicology, bioconcentration is the accumulation of a water-borne chemical substance in an organism exposed to the water. [1][2] There are several ways in which to measure and assess bioaccumulation and bioconcentration. These include: octanol-water partition coefficients (K OW), bioconcentration factors (BCF ...
Octanol-water partition coefficient. The n-octanol-water partition coefficient, Kow is a partition coefficient for the two-phase system consisting of n -octanol and water. [1] Kow is also frequently referred to by the symbol P, especially in the English literature. It is also called n-octanol-water partition ratio. [2][3][4]
Hydrophobicity scales. Hydrophobicity scales are values that define the relative hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of amino acid residues. The more positive the value, the more hydrophobic are the amino acids located in that region of the protein. These scales are commonly used to predict the transmembrane alpha-helices of membrane proteins.
Countercurrent distribution is a separation process that is founded on the principles of liquid–liquid extraction where a chemical compound is distributed (partitioned) between two immiscible liquid phases (oil and water for example) according to its relative solubility in the two phases. The simplest form of liquid-liquid extraction is the ...
Where K d is called the distribution coefficient or the partition coefficient. Concentration of X in solvent A/concentration of X in solvent B=Kď If C 1 denotes the concentration of solute X in solvent A & C 2 denotes the concentration of solute X in solvent B; Nernst's distribution law can be expressed as C 1 /C 2 = K d. This law is only ...
Partition between gas phase and organic solvents. The LFER used to obtain partition coefficients that uses the systems below takes the form log K s = c + eE + sS + aA + bB + lL. Except where noted otherwise, data relate to Standard temperature and pressure. Reliability of data general note.