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Athanasius I of Alexandria [note 1] (c. 296–298 – 2 May 373), also called Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor, or, among Coptic Christians, Athanasius the Apostolic, was a Christian theologian and the 20th pope of Alexandria (as Athanasius I).
St Athanasius was excommunicated by Pope Liberius allegedly for refusing to attend a synod. Athanasius believed the Pope was acting under duress (the Pope had been exiled from Rome) and refused to accept the validity of the excommunication [14] [15] some Egyptian monks by Theophilus I of Alexandria.
After the death of George of Cappadocia, Athanasius returned to the see of Alexandria, and shortly thereafter called the council of 362. [1] This council was a major turning point in the conflict with the Arian movement over issues regarding the Trinity, the Holy Spirit, the human soul of Christ, and God's divinity. [4]
Athanasius, who had succeeded Alexander as Bishop of Alexandria, was deposed by the First Synod of Tyre in 335, and Marcellus of Ancyra followed him in 336. Arius returned to Constantinople to be readmitted into the Church but died shortly before he could be received.
This conflicted with the Trinitarian faction initially advanced by Athanasius which argued that the Christ was coeternal and consubstantial with God the Father. Emperor Constantine , through the Council of Nicaea in 325, attempted to unite Christianity and establish a single, imperially approved version of the faith.
In most cases these were "automatic excommunications", wherein the violator who knowingly breaks the rule is considered automatically excommunicated from the church regardless of whether a bishop (or the pope) has excommunicated them publicly. However, in a few cases a bishop would need to name the person who violated the rule for them to be ...
Oct. 25—When she comes up to the altar rail to receive a blessing during Communion while wearing her clerical vestments, the Rev. Anne Tropeano — known as "Father Anne" — receives a variety ...
Sabellius likewise was excommunicated by council in Alexandria, and after complaint of this was made to Rome, a second council then assembled in Rome and also ruled against Sabellianism. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Johann Lorenz von Mosheim , German Lutheran theologian who founded the pragmatic school of church historians, [ 6 ] argued that Sabellius described ...