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  2. List of purification methods in chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_purification...

    Sublimation is the process of changing of any substance (usually on heating) from a solid to a gas (or from gas to a solid) without passing through liquid phase. In terms of purification - material is heated, often under vacuum, and the vapors of the material are then condensed back to a solid on a cooler surface.

  3. Copper extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_extraction

    Copper extraction refers to the methods used to obtain copper from its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. [1]

  4. Refining (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refining_(metallurgy)

    The purest copper is obtained by an electrolytic process, undertaken using a slab of impure copper as the anode and a thin sheet of pure copper as the cathode. The electrolyte is an acidic solution of copper (II) sulfate. By passing electricity through the cell, copper is dissolved from the anode and deposited on the cathode. However ...

  5. Copper(II) sulfate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper(II)_sulfate

    Copper(II) sulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cu SO 4.It forms hydrates CuSO 4 ·nH 2 O, where n can range from 1 to 7. The pentahydrate (n = 5), a bright blue crystal, is the most commonly encountered hydrate of copper(II) sulfate, [10] while its anhydrous form is white. [11]

  6. Hydrometallurgy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrometallurgy

    Copper is precipitated as its sulfide as a means to purify nickel leachates. Cementation is the conversion of the metal ion to the metal by a redox reaction. A typical application involves addition of scrap iron to a solution of copper ions. Iron dissolves and copper metal is deposited. Solvent Extraction; Ion exchange; Gas reduction.

  7. Pyrometallurgy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrometallurgy

    Sometimes, temperature and gas conditions can be maintained such that a mixed sulfide feed (for instance a feed containing both copper sulfide and iron sulfide) reacts such that one metal forms a sulfate and the other forms an oxide, the process is known as "selective roasting" or "selective sulfation".

  8. Smelting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smelting

    Smelting is a process of applying heat and a chemical reducing agent to an ore to extract a desired base metal product. [1] It is a form of extractive metallurgy that is used to obtain many metals such as iron, copper, silver, tin, lead and zinc.

  9. Solvent extraction and electrowinning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent_extraction_and...

    The copper is extracted from the solvent with strong aqueous acid which then deposits pure copper onto cathodes using an electrolytic procedure (electrowinning). SX/EW processing is best known for its use by the copper industry, where it accounts for 20% of worldwide production, but the technology is also successfully applied to a wide range of ...