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The most common set of supported tones is a set of 39 tones including all tones with Motorola PL codes, except for the tones 8Z, 9Z, and 0Z (zero-Z). [6] The lowest series has adjacent tones that are roughly in the harmonic ratio of 2 0.05 to 1 (≈1.035265), while the other two series have adjacent tones roughly in the ratio of 10 0.015 to 1 ...
Tones used for remote controls are described in ratios called decibels: for example, the second tone of a sequence might be 10% of the level of the first tone. The highest level tones are set to the maximum allowable for the DS-1 channel or telephone line. The figure at right shows the envelope of a function tone's two-tone sequence.
Sidetone is audible feedback to someone speaking or otherwise producing sound as an indication of active transmission. Sidetone is introduced by some communications circuits and anti-sidetone circuitry is used to control its level. Sidetone is expected behavior for telephone systems.
Automated manual transmissions can be semi-automatic or fully-automatic in operation. Several different systems to automate the clutch and/or shifting have been used over the years, but they will generally use one of the following methods of actuation for the clutch and/or shifting: hydraulic or electro-hydraulic actuation, [12] electro-mechanical, [13] pneumatic, [6] [14] [15] electromagnetic ...
Modulation is continuous phase 4 FSK, with 1.4648 Hz tone separation. An Agilent Modulation Domain Analyzer 53310A showing the narrow band 4-FSK signal produced by a Raspberry Pi. Occupied bandwidth is about 6 Hz; Synchronization is via a 162 bit pseudo-random sync vector. Each channel symbol conveys one sync bit (LSB) and one data bit (MSB).
The requirement for "two or more high power tones" need not be discrete tones. Passive intermodulation can also occur between different frequencies (i.e. different "tones") within a single broadband carrier. These PIMs would show up as sidebands in a telecommunication signal, which interfere with adjacent channels and impede reception.
A direct-shift gearbox (DSG, German: Direktschaltgetriebe [1]) [2] [3] is an electronically controlled, dual-clutch, [2] multiple-shaft, automatic gearbox, in either a transaxle or traditional transmission layout (depending on engine/drive configuration), with automated clutch operation, and with fully-automatic [2] or semi-manual gear selection.
In telecommunications, relative transmission level is the ratio of the signal power, at a given point in a transmission system, to a reference signal power.. The ratio is usually determined by applying a standard test tone at zero transmission level point (or applying adjusted test tone power at any other point) and measuring the gain or loss to the location of interest.