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  2. Rocket propellant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_propellant

    A hybrid-propellant rocket usually has a solid fuel and a liquid or NEMA oxidizer. [clarification needed] The fluid oxidizer can make it possible to throttle and restart the motor just like a liquid-fueled rocket. Hybrid rockets can also be environmentally safer than solid rockets since some high-performance solid-phase oxidizers contain ...

  3. Solid-propellant rocket - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-propellant_rocket

    A solid-propellant rocket or solid rocket is a rocket with a rocket engine that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). The earliest rockets were solid-fuel rockets powered by gunpowder . The inception of gunpowder rockets in warfare can be credited to the ancient Chinese, and in the 13th century, the Mongols played a pivotal role in ...

  4. Liquid-propellant rocket - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-propellant_rocket

    A liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket uses a rocket engine burning liquid propellants. (Alternate approaches use gaseous or solid propellants.) Liquids are desirable propellants because they have reasonably high density and their combustion products have high specific impulse (I sp). This allows the volume of the propellant tanks to be ...

  5. Comparison of orbital launch systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_orbital...

    Hybrid-propellant rockets use a combination of solid and liquid propellant, typically involving a liquid oxidizer being pumped through a hollow cylinder of solid fuel. All current spacecraft use conventional chemical rockets (solid-fuel or liquid bipropellant) for launch, though some [note 3] have used air-breathing engines on their first stage ...

  6. Solid rocket booster - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_rocket_booster

    A solid rocket booster (SRB) is a solid propellant motor used to provide thrust in spacecraft launches from initial launch through the first ascent. Many launch vehicles, including the Atlas V , [ 1 ] SLS and Space Shuttle , have used SRBs to give launch vehicles much of the thrust required to place the vehicle into orbit.

  7. Liquid rocket propellant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_rocket_propellant

    As of January 2025, three methane-fueled rockets have reached orbit. Several others are in development and two orbital launch attempts failed: Zhuque-2 successfully reached orbit on its second flight on 12 July 2023, becoming the first methane-fueled rocket to do so. [25] It had failed to reach orbit on its maiden flight on 14 December 2022.

  8. Rocket engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_engine

    Solid-fuel rockets (or solid-propellant rockets or motors) are chemical rockets which use propellant in a solid state. Liquid-propellant rockets use one or more propellants in a liquid state fed from tanks. Hybrid rockets use a solid propellant in the combustion chamber, to which a second liquid or gas oxidiser or propellant is added to permit ...

  9. Solid fuel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_fuel

    Solid fuels are extensively used in rocketry as solid propellants. [1] Solid fuels have been used throughout human history to create fire [2] and solid fuel is still in widespread use throughout the world in the present day. [3] [4] Solid fuel from biomass is regarded as a renewable energy source which can contribute to climate change ...