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In the lumbar spine, facets provide about 20 percent of the twisting stability in the low back. Each facet joint is positioned at each level of the spine to provide the needed support especially with rotation. [citation needed] Facet joints also prevent each vertebra from slipping over the one below.
Neurologic signs result from severe angulation of the spine, narrowing of the spinal canal, instability of the spine, and luxation or fracture of the vertebrae. Signs include rear limb weakness or paralysis, urinary or fecal incontinence, and spinal pain. [5] Most cases of hemivertebrae have no or mild symptoms, so treatment is usually ...
Bertolotti's syndrome is a commonly missed cause of back pain which occurs due to lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV). It is a congenital condition but is not usually symptomatic until one's later twenties or early thirties. [1] However, there are a few cases of Bertolotti's that become symptomatic at a much earlier age.
Schmorl's nodes are fairly common, especially with minor degeneration of the aging spine, but they are also seen in younger spines. Schmorl's nodes often cause no symptoms, but may simply reflect that "wear and tear" of the spine has occurred over time; they may also reflect that bone strength was at one time somewhat compromised, perhaps due to a vitamin D deficiency although this has yet to ...
Low back pain is the greatest contributor to lost productivity, absenteeism, disability and early retirement worldwide. [26] Difficulty with low back pain most often begins between 20 and 40 years of age. [1] Women and older people have higher estimated rates of lower back pain and also higher disability estimates. [13]
A compression fracture is a collapse of a vertebra.It may be due to trauma or due to a weakening of the vertebra (compare with burst fracture).This weakening is seen in patients with osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta, lytic lesions from metastatic or primary tumors, [1] or infection. [2]
Spondylolysis results in a spinal instability and disrupts patterns of co-recruitment between muscle synergies. Specifically, local muscles that attach directly to the spine are affected. The lumbar multifidus and transversus abdominis play a direct role in stabilizing the lumbar spine. Instead the local muscles in individuals with ...
Bilateral C2 pars fractures are known as a variant of the hangman's fracture. On an anterior oblique radiograph of the lumbar spine , the pars is the neck of the imaginary Scottie dog; the Scottie dog's eye is the pedicle, [ 3 ] its hindlegs the spinous process, its nose the transverse process, its ear the superior articular facet and its ...