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In the study of chronobiology, entrainment refers to the synchronization of a biological clock to an environmental cycle. An example is the interaction between circadian rhythms and environmental cues, such as light and temperature. Entrainment helps organisms adapt their bodily processes according to the timing of a changing environment. [1]
Brainwave entrainment is a colloquialism for 'neural entrainment', [25] which is a term used to denote the way in which the aggregate frequency of oscillations produced by the synchronous electrical activity in ensembles of cortical neurons can adjust to synchronize with the periodic vibration of external stimuli, such as a sustained acoustic ...
This ability to align behaviors such as feeding and activity to the external environmental cycle is a process called entrainment. [ 5 ] Biological rhythms , including cycles related to sleep and wakefulness, mood, and cognitive performance, are synchronized with the body's internal circadian clock . [ 6 ]
Within each cycle, the time period during which the process is more active is called the acrophase. [4] When the process is less active, the cycle is in its bathyphase or trough phase. The particular moment of highest activity is the peak or maximum; the lowest point is the nadir.
Entrainment (chronobiology), the alignment of a circadian system's period and phase to the period and phase of an external rhythm; Entrainment (engineering), the entrapment of one substance by another substance; Entrainment (hydrodynamics), the movement of one fluid by another; Entrainment (meteorology), a phenomenon of the atmosphere
All of the mechanisms of light-affected entrainment are not yet fully known, however numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of light entrainment to the day/night cycle. Studies have shown that the timing of exposure to light influences entrainment; as seen on the phase response curve for light for a given species. In diurnal (day ...
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Entrainment in the biomusicological sense refers to the synchronization (e.g., foot tapping) of organisms to an external perceived rhythm such as human music and dance. Humans are the only species for which all individuals experience entrainment, although there are documented examples of entrained nonhuman individuals.