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Continuous cold therapy devices (also called ice machines) which circulate ice water through a pad are currently the subject of class action lawsuits for skin and tissue damage caused by excessive cooling or icing time and lack of temperature control. Reported injuries range from frostbite to severe tissue damage resulting in amputation.
Cryotherapy is applied using ice, cold water, or gel packs, sometimes in specialized devices that surround the skin and surgical site (but keeps the surgical site clean). [28] Evidence from clinical trials regarding the effectiveness of cryotherapy is weak and because of this, the use of cryotherapy may not be justified. [ 28 ]
In these procedures, cooling was accomplished externally by applying cold water or melting ice to the surface of the body. The advent of cardiopulmonary bypass in the United States during the 1950s allowed the heart to be stopped for surgery without having to stop circulation to the rest of the body.
Ice has been used for injuries since at least the 1960s, in a case where a 12-year-old boy needed to have a limb reattached. The limb was preserved before surgery by using ice. As news of the successful operation spread, the use of ice to treat acute injuries became common. [4] The mnemonic was introduced by Dr. Gabe Mirkin in 1978. [5]
Still, even after the amputation, Cunningham has remained an active member of the hockey world and is now working on getting his on-ice skills back with the help of his custom-made prosthetic.
Lower frequencies, allowing for deeper penetration, are used in industrial processes. RF electrosurgery is commonly used in virtually all surgical disciplines including dermatological, gynecological, cardiac, plastic, ocular, spine, ENT, maxillofacial, orthopedic, urological, neuro- and general surgical procedures as well as certain dental ...