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A twin boundary is a defect that introduces a plane of mirror symmetry in the ordering of a crystal. For example, in cubic close-packed crystals, the stacking sequence of a twin boundary would be ABCABCBACBA. On planes of single crystals, steps between atomically flat terraces can also be regarded as planar defects.
A twin law is not a symmetry operation of the full set of basis points. [2] Twin laws include reflection operations, rotation operations, and the inversion operation. Reflection twinning is described by the Miller indices of the twin plane (i.e. {hkl}) while rotational twinning is described by the direction of the twin axis (i.e. <hkl ...
Anomaly detection for IDS is normally accomplished with thresholds and statistics, but can also be done with soft computing, and inductive learning. [7] Types of features proposed by 1999 included profiles of users, workstations, networks, remote hosts, groups of users, and programs based on frequencies, means, variances, covariances, and ...
In mixed oxidation state materials like magnetite, antiphase domains and antiphase domain boundaries can occur as a result of charge-ordering even though there are no changes in atom locations. [4] For example, the reconstructed magnetite (100) surface contains alternating Fe II pairs and Fe III pairs in the first subsurface layer. [ 4 ]
Feature learning is intended to result in faster training or better performance in task-specific settings than if the data was input directly (compare transfer learning). [1] In machine learning (ML), feature learning or representation learning [2] is a set of techniques that allow a system to automatically discover the representations needed ...
In machine learning (ML), a learning curve (or training curve) is a graphical representation that shows how a model's performance on a training set (and usually a validation set) changes with the number of training iterations (epochs) or the amount of training data. [1]
Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN) are a family of machine learning models for computer vision, and specifically object detection and localization. [1] The original goal of R-CNN was to take an input image and produce a set of bounding boxes as output, where each bounding box contains an object and also the category (e.g. car or ...
The striped borders correspond to perfectly matched layers, which are used to simulate open boundaries by absorbing the outgoing waves. A perfectly matched layer ( PML ) is an artificial absorbing layer for wave equations , commonly used to truncate computational regions in numerical methods to simulate problems with open boundaries, especially ...