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There are no moral features in this world; nothing is right or wrong. Therefore, no moral judgments are true. However, our sincere moral judgments try, but always fail, to describe the moral features of things.
Moral realists have raised various objections to moral nihilism. Naturalists argue that moral facts belong to the natural world and can be empirically observed. Non-naturalists assert that moral phenomena are different from natural phenomena, but are real nonetheless. [120]
Existential nihilism is the philosophical theory that life has no objective meaning or purpose. [1] The inherent meaninglessness of life is largely explored in the philosophical school of existentialism, where one can potentially create their own subjective "meaning" or "purpose".
Kant and Elshtain, that is, both agree God has no choice but to conform his will to the immutable facts of reason, including moral truths; humans do have such a choice, but otherwise their relationship to morality is the same as that of God's: they can recognize moral facts, but do not determine their content through contingent acts of will.
Metaethics or moral epistemology – concerns the nature of moral statements, that is, it studies what ethical terms and theories actually refer to. Moral syncretism – the attempt to reconcile disparate or contradictory moral beliefs, often while melding the ethical; practices of various schools of thought. Moral relativism and relativism
The epic poems that stand at the beginning of many world literatures, such as the Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh, Homer's Iliad and the Icelandic Eddas, portray a set of values that suit the strong leader of a small tribe. Valour and success are the principal qualities of a hero and are generally not constrained by moral considerations.
Some non-religious nihilistic and existentialist thinkers have affirmed the prominent theistic position that the existence of the personal God of theism is linked to the existence of an objective moral standard, asserting that questions of right and wrong inherently have no meaning and, thus, any notions of morality are nothing but an ...
Moral exclusion occurs when groups or individuals are excluded from an ingroup's sphere of moral values, rules, and beliefs. Delegitimization is the process of categorizing others into negative social groups, which excludes them from acceptable humanness. [ 44 ]