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With the Atlantic Hurricane Season already in full swing, meteorologists are looking at more than just the number of storms brewing in the basin. The ACE Index, short for the accumulated cyclone ...
This was one of two tornadoes to receive a preliminary rating of F6, which was downgraded later to a rating of F5. [ 1 ] This is a list of tornadoes which have been officially or unofficially labeled as F5, EF5, IF5, T10-T11, the highest possible ratings on the various tornado intensity scales.
The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is the peak amplitude squared (giving the peak power) divided by the RMS value squared (giving the average power). [1] It is the square of the crest factor. When expressed in decibels , crest factor and PAPR are equivalent, due to the way decibels are calculated for power ratios vs amplitude ratios .
For AC-operated devices (e.g. coaxial cable, loudspeakers), there may even be two power ratings, a maximum (peak) power rating and an average power rating. [5] [6] For such devices, the peak power rating usually specifies the low frequency or pulse energy, while the average power rating limits high-frequency operation. [5]
To be classified as a hurricane, a tropical cyclone must have one-minute-average maximum sustained winds at 10 m (33 ft) above the surface of at least 74 mph (64 kn, 119 km/h; Category 1). [1] The highest classification in the scale, Category 5 , consists of storms with sustained winds of at least 157 mph (137 kn, 252 km/h).
Real-time ratings allow control room engineers to adjust power flows according to normal operational events or contingencies. They are based on "steady-state (equilibrium) ampacity" calculations. Emergency ratings are based on transient equations and models: they provide permissible overload ratings for a short and adjustable time (typically 5 ...
In most tropical cyclone basins, use of the satellite-based Dvorak technique is the primary method used to estimate a tropical cyclone's maximum sustained winds. [5] The extent of spiral banding and difference in temperature between the eye and eyewall is used within the technique to assign a maximum sustained wind and pressure. [6]
For an electric machine, the power rating is the number on its rating plate and corresponds to a maximum electric load it can carry. There is a distinction between the continuous rating (for generators, continuous maximum rating or CMR [ 2 ] ), at which the machine can be operational without a time limit and short-term rating that can only be ...