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The BCL2 associated agonist of cell death [5] (BAD) protein is a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 gene family which is involved in initiating apoptosis. BAD is a member of the BH3-only family , [ 6 ] a subfamily of the Bcl-2 family .
Mitophagy is the selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy. It often occurs to defective mitochondria following damage or stress. The process of mitophagy was first described in 1915 by Margaret Reed Lewis and Warren Harmon Lewis. [1] Ashford and Porter used electron microscopy to observe mitochondrial fragments in liver lysosomes by ...
Medical genetics. Mitochondrial disease is a group of disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are the organelles that generate energy for the cell and are found in every cell of the human body except red blood cells. They convert the energy of food molecules into the ATP that powers most cell functions.
A mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy. [2]
Researchers from the Technical University of Munich report Crohn’s disease may be triggered by mitochondrial disruption causing changes to the gut microbiome, via a mouse model. As of 2019 ...
MELAS syndrome. MELAS (M itochondrial E ncephalopathy, L actic A cidosis, and S troke -like episodes) is one of the family of mitochondrial diseases, which also include MIDD (maternally inherited diabetes and deafness), MERRF syndrome, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. It was first characterized under this name in 1984. [2]
Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek: ἀπόπτωσις, romanized: apóptōsis, lit. 'falling off') is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and in some eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms such as yeast. [1] Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. [2]
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen (O2), water, and hydrogen peroxide. Some prominent ROS are hydroperoxide (O 2 H), superoxide (O 2-), [1] hydroxyl radical (OH.), and singlet oxygen. [2] ROS are pervasive because they are readily produced from O 2, which is abundant.