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  2. Grouped data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grouped_data

    Yet another example of grouping the data is the use of some commonly used numerical values, which are in fact "names" we assign to the categories. For example, let us look at the age distribution of the students in a class. The students may be 10 years old, 11 years old or 12 years old. These are the age groups, 10, 11, and 12.

  3. Sturges's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturges's_rule

    Sturges's rule [1] is a method to choose the number of bins for a histogram.Given observations, Sturges's rule suggests using ^ = + ⁡ bins in the histogram. This rule is widely employed in data analysis software including Python [2] and R, where it is the default bin selection method.

  4. Ur (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur_(programming_language)

    Ur also called Ur/Web is a multi-paradigm, high-level, pure, strict, functional programming language.It is a dialect of the language ML, designed for web development, created by Adam Chlipala at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology [3] that one program can emit code for a server, web browser client, and SQL specific to a given database backend.

  5. Count-distinct problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count-distinct_problem

    Count-distinct problem. In computer science, the count-distinct problem[1] (also known in applied mathematics as the cardinality estimation problem) is the problem of finding the number of distinct elements in a data stream with repeated elements. This is a well-known problem with numerous applications. The elements might represent IP addresses ...

  6. Frequency (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_(statistics)

    A frequency distribution shows a summarized grouping of data divided into mutually exclusive classes and the number of occurrences in a class. It is a way of showing unorganized data notably to show results of an election, income of people for a certain region, sales of a product within a certain period, student loan amounts of graduates, etc.

  7. Project Euler - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Euler

    The first Project Euler problem is Multiples of 3 and 5. If we list all the natural numbers below 10 that are multiples of 3 or 5, we get 3, 5, 6 and 9. The sum of these multiples is 23. Find the sum of all the multiples of 3 or 5 below 1000. It is a 5% rated problem, indicating it is one of the easiest on the site.

  8. List update problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_update_problem

    The List Update or the List Access problem is a simple model used in the study of competitive analysis of online algorithms.Given a set of items in a list where the cost of accessing an item is proportional to its distance from the head of the list, e.g. a linked List, and a request sequence of accesses, the problem is to come up with a strategy of reordering the list so that the total cost of ...

  9. List of NP-complete problems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NP-complete_problems

    NP-complete special cases include the edge dominating set problem, i.e., the dominating set problem in line graphs. NP-complete variants include the connected dominating set problem and the maximum leaf spanning tree problem. [3]: ND2. Feedback vertex set [2][3]: GT7. Feedback arc set [2][3]: GT8.