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A variational autoencoder is a generative model with a prior and noise distribution respectively. Usually such models are trained using the expectation-maximization meta-algorithm (e.g. probabilistic PCA , (spike & slab) sparse coding).
LDM consists of a variational autoencoder (VAE), a modified U-Net, and a text encoder. The VAE encoder compresses the image from pixel space to a smaller dimensional latent space, capturing a more fundamental semantic meaning of the image. Gaussian noise is iteratively applied to the compressed latent representation during forward diffusion.
An autoencoder is a type of artificial neural network used to learn efficient codings of unlabeled data (unsupervised learning).An autoencoder learns two functions: an encoding function that transforms the input data, and a decoding function that recreates the input data from the encoded representation.
Stable Diffusion consists of 3 parts: the variational autoencoder (VAE), U-Net, and an optional text encoder. [17] The VAE encoder compresses the image from pixel space to a smaller dimensional latent space , capturing a more fundamental semantic meaning of the image. [ 16 ]
The idea is essentially the same as vector quantized variational autoencoder (VQVAE) plus generative adversarial network (GAN). After such a ViT-VQGAN is trained, it can be used to code an arbitrary image into a list of symbols, and code an arbitrary list of symbols into an image.
An image conditioned on the prompt an astronaut riding a horse, by Hiroshige, generated by Stable Diffusion 3.5, a large-scale text-to-image model first released in 2022. A text-to-image model is a machine learning model which takes an input natural language description and produces an image matching that description.
The regularization parameter plays a critical role in the denoising process. When =, there is no smoothing and the result is the same as minimizing the sum of squares.As , however, the total variation term plays an increasingly strong role, which forces the result to have smaller total variation, at the expense of being less like the input (noisy) signal.
The base diffusion model can only generate unconditionally from the whole distribution. For example, a diffusion model learned on ImageNet would generate images that look like a random image from ImageNet. To generate images from just one category, one would need to impose the condition, and then sample from the conditional distribution.