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A branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) is an amino acid having an aliphatic side-chain with a branch (a central carbon atom bound to three or more carbon atoms). Among the proteinogenic amino acids , there are three BCAAs: leucine , isoleucine , and valine . [ 1 ]
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are ubiquitous in many organisms, comprising 35% of all proteins and 40% of the amino acids required in all mammals. [13] Mammalian BCATs come in two isoforms: cytosolic (BCATc) and mitochondrial (BCATm). The isoforms share 58% homology, [15] but vary in location and catalytic efficiency.
An essential amino acid, or indispensable amino acid, is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized from scratch by the organism fast enough to supply its demand, and must therefore come from the diet.
In animal tissue, BCKDC catalyzes an irreversible step [2] in the catabolism of the branched-chain amino acids L-isoleucine, L-valine, and L-leucine, acting on their deaminated derivatives (L-alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate, alpha-ketoisovalerate, and alpha-ketoisocaproate, respectively) and converting them [3] to α-Methylbutyryl-CoA, Isobutyryl-CoA and Isovaleryl-CoA respectively.
Branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCAT1 gene. [5] It is the first enzyme in the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation pathway and facilitates the reversible transamination of BCAAs and glutamate.
BCAA may refer to: Branched-chain amino acid; Belgian Civil Aviation Authority; Bermuda Civil Aviation Authority; British Columbia Automobile Association