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A paging system makes efficient decisions on which memory to relegate to secondary storage, leading to the best use of the installed RAM. In addition the operating system may provide services to programs that envision a larger memory, such as files that can grow beyond the limit of installed RAM.
A paging system alerts a pager (or group of pagers) by transmitting information over an RF channel, including an address and message information. This information is formatted using a paging protocol, such as 2-tone, 5/6-tone, GOLAY, POCSAG, FLEX, ERMES, or NTT. Two-way pagers and response pagers typically use the ReFLEX protocol. [29]
In protected mode with paging enabled (bit 31, PG, of control register CR0 is set), but without PAE, x86 processors use a two-level page translation scheme. Control register CR3 holds the page-aligned physical address of a single 4 KB long page directory.
In The Netherlands the emergency services use the Flex-protocol in the nationwide P2000 network for pagers. The traffic on this network can be monitored online. [1]In South Australia the State's SAGRN network for the Emergency Services paging system (CFS, SES, MFS and SAAS) is run on the FLEX 1600 protocol, and can be monitored online.
A system with a smaller page size uses more pages, requiring a page table that occupies more space. For example, if a 2 32 virtual address space is mapped to 4 KiB (2 12 bytes) pages, the number of virtual pages is 2 20 = (2 32 / 2 12). However, if the page size is increased to 32 KiB (2 15 bytes), only 2 17 pages are required. A multi-level ...
It is also helpful to use large pages in the host page tables to reduce the number of levels (e.g., in x86-64, using 2 MB pages removes one level in the page table). Since memory is typically allocated to virtual machines at coarse granularity, using large pages for guest-physical translation is an obvious optimization, reducing the depth of ...
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