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Rhizocarpon geographicum (the map lichen) is a species of lichen, which grows on rocks in mountainous areas of low air pollution. Each lichen is a flat patch bordered by a black line of fungal hyphae. These patches grow adjacent to each other, leading to the appearance of a map or a patchwork field.
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Melanelia hepatizon, commonly known as the rimmed camouflage lichen or the rimmed brown-shield, is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. [2] Its thallus , ranging in colour from brown to black, features narrow, elongated lobes that can be flat, convex, or concave.
Thallus (pl. thalli) – the vegetative body of a lichen, made up of both mycobiont and photobiont components. [21] Cortex – the lichen's outer layer(s), made up of tightly woven fungal filaments. [22] Isidium (pl. isidia) – outgrowths of the thallus which contain photobiont cells and provide means of vegetative reproduction for some ...
A foliose lichen is a lichen with flat, leaf-like lobes, which are generally not firmly bonded to the substrate on which it grows. It is one of the three most common growth forms of lichens. It typically has distinct upper and lower surfaces, each of which is usually covered with a cortex ; some, however, lack a lower cortex.
Brodoa oroarctica, commonly known as the Arctic sausage lichen, mountain sausage lichen, or rockgrub, is a species of rock-dwelling, foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. [2] First described in 1974 by the Norwegian botanist Hildur Krog , it is characterised by its dark grey, irregularly spreading thallus with narrow cylindrical lobes that ...
Buellia asterella, commonly referred to as the starry breck lichen, [1] is a rare, black and white lichen in the family Caliciaceae. Once found all across the central European grasslands, it was described as new to science in 1974. [ 2 ]
Hypogymnia physodes, commonly known as the monk's-hood lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is a common and widespread species in boreal and temperate forests of the Northern Hemisphere. It has a grey to yellowish-green thallus that is loosely attached to its substrate and forms large irregular patches. Hollow ...