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Spina bifida (SB; / ˈ s p aɪ n ə ˈ b ɪ f ɪ d ə /; [9] Latin for 'split spine') [10] is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. [1] There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele. [1]
Patients with spina bifida have a neural tube that has failed to completely form. This is most commonly in the lower back area in the region of the conus medullaris or cauda equina. Therefore, spina bifida affects the bowel similarly to a lower motor neuron spinal cord injury, resulting in a flaccid, unreactive rectal wall.
Subsequently, 4 medical centers conducted 253 open spina bifida repairs prior to the MOMs trial. The outcomes were mixed and the only comparison groups were other children that had not undergone repair after birth in the past. [9] In February 2003, the National Institutes of Health began the Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS). Three ...
Spina bifida occulta means hidden split spine. [20] In this type of neural tube defect, the meninges do not herniate through the opening in the spinal canal. [19] The most frequently seen form of spina bifida occulta is when parts of the bones of the spine, called the spinous process, and the neural arch appear abnormal on a radiogram, without ...
Spina bifida is the most common defect impacting the Central Nervous System (CNS). The most common and most severe form of Spina Bifida is Myelomeningocele. Individuals with Myelomeningocele are born with an incompletely fused spine, and therefore exposing the spinal cord through an opening in the back.
Risks of fetal surgery, specifically prenatal spina bifida repair, include premature rupture of membranes, uterine rupture in future pregnancies, premature birth and intraspinal inclusion cysts or a tethered cord in the fetus or newborn baby. [4] Open fetal surgery has proven to be reasonably safe for the mother. [3]
People with neurogenic bladder disorders like spinal cord injury, spina bifida or multiple sclerosis, and non-neurogenic bladder disorders like obstruction due to prostate enlargement, urethral strictures or post-operative urinary retention, need to be continuously catheterised to empty their urinary bladders.
Without bowel management, the person might either suffer from the feeling of not getting relief, or they might soil themselves. [1] Bowel control is often a challenge for children who are born with anomalies in their anus or rectum, Hirschsprung's disease, and/or spina bifida. Medical providers can help anyone with long term bowel problems to ...