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The effect of retroactive interference takes place when any type of skill has not been rehearsed over long periods. [1] Of the two effects of interference theory, retroactive interference is considered the more common and more problematic type of interference compared to proactive interference. [1]
The misinformation effect is an example of retroactive interference which occurs when information presented later interferes with the ability to retain previously encoded information. Individuals have also been shown to be susceptible to incorporating misleading information into their memory when it is presented within a question. [ 5 ]
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In nature, the interfering items are said to originate from an overstimulating environment. Interference theory exists in three branches: Proactive, Retroactive and Output. Retroactive and Proactive inhibition each referring in contrast to the other. Retroactive interference is when new information (memories) interferes with older information.
Retroactive interference is when newly learned information impairs previously retained information, and proactive interference is when previously learned information interferes with newly retained information. [4] Essentially, interference theory posits that stored memories interfere and hamper one another, which is why we forget learned ...
Another phenomenon that may interfere with an eyewitness' memory is retroactive interference. This occurs when new information is processed that obstructs the retrieval of old information. [51] A common source of interference that may occur after the event of a crime is the reporting of the crime.
Interference in experimental literature has been a topic of interest for psychologists for over 100 years, with early studies dating back to the 1890s. [1] Hugo Münsterberg was among the first to study this concept by recording the effects of altering some of his daily routines, such as dipping his pen in ink and taking a watch out of his pocket. [5]
The misinformation effect occurs when information is presented after the events in question have occurred which leads to memory errors in later retrieval. [61] Studies have suggested that witnesses may misattribute accuracy to misleading information because the sources of misleading information and witnessed information become confused. [ 61 ]