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Acacia gum, pieces and powder Acacia senegal, pictured in the medicinal handbook Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887) by Franz Eugen Köhler. Gum arabic (gum acacia, gum sudani, Senegal gum and by other names [a]) (Arabic: صمغ عربي) is a tree gum exuded by two species of Acacia sensu lato, Senegalia senegal [2] and Vachellia seyal.
The gum is drained from cuts in the bark, and an individual tree will yield 200 to 300 grams (7 to 10 oz). Eighty percent of the world's gum arabic is produced in Sudan. [6] The Chauhatan area of Barmer district in Rajasthan is also famous for gum production, this is called कुम्मट [7] (Kummat) in local language there.
Humans have used natural gums for various purposes, including chewing and the manufacturing of a wide range of products – such as varnish and lacquerware.Before the invention of synthetic equivalents, trade in gum formed part of the economy in places such as the Arabian peninsula (whence the name "gum arabic"), West Africa, [3] East Africa and northern New Zealand ().
The exudate gum of this tree is known as gum arabic and has been collected from the pharaonic times for the manufacture of medicines, dyes and paints. In the present commercial market, gum arabic is defined as the dried exudate from the trunks and branches of Senegalia (Acacia) senegal or Vachellia (Acacia) seyal in the family Leguminosae ...
In old recipes, gum arabic is added, [8] in the belief that it prevents the sugar from crystallizing and adds a smooth texture. [7] Some recipes omit the gum arabic, [9] thus are just simple syrup, considering the gum undesired, [7] or to reduce cost. [10] Gomme syrup is an ingredient commonly used in mixed drinks. [7]
Octenyl succinic acid modified gum Arabic is known to the FAO as a food additive. [1] It has E number E423, and is a chemical modification of gum arabic. Synopsis
Dammar gum is a triterpenoid resin, containing many triterpenes and their oxidation products. Many of them are low molecular weight compounds ( dammarane , dammarenolic acid , oleanane , oleanonic acid , etc.), which easily oxidizes and photoxidizes.
The essential ingredients of black liquorice confectionery are liquorice extract, sugar, and a binder. The base is typically starch/flour, gum arabic, gelatin or a combination thereof. Additional ingredients are extra flavouring, beeswax for a shiny surface, ammonium chloride and molasses. Ammonium chloride is mainly used in salty liquorice ...