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Diphenhydramine is the primary constituent of dimenhydrinate and dictates the primary effect. The main differences relative to pure diphenhydramine are a lower potency due to being combined with 8-chlorotheophylline (by weight, dimenhydrinate is between 53% and 55.5% diphenhydramine) [10] and the fact that the stimulant properties of 8-chlorotheophylline help reduce the side ...
Ethchlorvynol is a member of the class of sedative-hypnotic carbinols, which includes methylparafynol and tert-amyl alcohol.It is not a benzodiazepine, carbamate, or barbituric acid derivative, and its molecular structure is considerably simpler.
Chloral hydrate is a geminal diol with the formula Cl 3 C−CH(OH) 2. It was first used as a sedative and hypnotic in Germany in the 1870s. Over time it was replaced by safer and more effective alternatives but it remained in usage in the United States until at least the 1970s. [ 4 ]
Research about using medications to treat insomnia evolved throughout the last half of the 20th century. Treatment for insomnia in psychiatry dates back to 1869, when chloral hydrate was first used as a soporific. [12] Barbiturates emerged as the first class of drugs in the early 1900s, [13] after which chemical substitution allowed derivative ...
It is a betaine complex of trimethylglycine with chloral hydrate, which acts as an extended-acting formulation of chloral hydrate which is then metabolized into trichloroethanol, which is responsible for most or all of its effects. [3] [4] [6]
Dichloralphenazone is a 1:2 mixture of antipyrine with chloral hydrate. In combination with paracetamol and isometheptene, it is the active ingredient of medications for migraine and tension headaches, including Epidrin and Midrin. Performance impairments are common with this drug and caution is advised, for example when driving motor vehicles.
Chloral hydrates to chloral hydrate in the body. Chloral hydrate is either reduced to 2,2,2-trichloroethanol or oxidised to trichloroacetic acid . Monochloroacetic acid , [ 38 ] dichloroacetic acid [ 39 ] and trichloromethane [ 38 ] [ 40 ] [ 41 ] were also detected as minor metabolites of TCE.
Petrichloral (Pentaerythritol chloral) is a sedative and hypnotic chloral hydrate prodrug. [1] [2] It is a Schedule IV drug in the USA. [3] References