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The timeline of the universe begins with the Big Bang, 13.799 ± 0.021 billion years ago, [1] and follows the formation and subsequent evolution of the Universe up to the present day. Each era or age of the universe begins with an " epoch ", a time of significant change.
The first shows the entire time from the formation of the Earth to the present, but this gives little space for the most recent eon. The second timeline shows an expanded view of the most recent eon. In a similar way, the most recent era is expanded in the third timeline, the most recent period is expanded in the fourth timeline, and the most ...
It is commonly used as a unit of time to denote length of time before the present in 10 9 years. This initialism is often used in the sciences of astronomy, geology, and paleontology. The "billion" in bya is the 10 9 "billion" of the short scale of the U.S., [1] not the long-scale 10 12 "billion" of some European usage.
The thin disk of our galaxy began to form when the universe was about 5 billion years old or 9 ± 2 Gya. [15] The Solar System formed at about 9.2 billion years (4.6 Gya), [5]: 22.2.3 with the earliest evidence of life on Earth emerging by about 10 billion years (3.8 Gya).
A graphical view of the Cosmic Calendar, featuring the months of the year, days of December, the final minute, and the final second. The Cosmic Calendar is a method to visualize the chronology of the universe, scaling its currently understood age of 13.8 billion years to a single year in order to help intuit it for pedagogical purposes in science education or popular science.
The geologic time scale is a way of representing deep time based on events that have occurred throughout Earth's history, a time span of about 4.54 ± 0.05 Ga (4.54 billion years). [3] It chronologically organises strata, and subsequently time, by observing fundamental changes in stratigraphy that correspond to major geological or ...
A regular kalpa is approximately 16 million years long (16,798,000 years [16]), and a small kalpa is 1000 regular kalpas, or about 16.8 billion years. [citation needed] Further, a medium kalpa is roughly 336 billion years, the equivalent of 20 small kalpas. [citation needed] A great kalpa is four medium kalpas, [17] or about 1.3 trillion years.
In physical cosmology, the age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang: 13.8 billion years. [1] Astronomers have two different approaches to determine the age of the universe . One is based on a particle physics model of the early universe called Lambda-CDM , matched to measurements of the distant, and thus old features, like the ...