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Typically, the pain is worsened by stress on the facet joints, e.g. by lumbar extension and loading (the basis of the Kemp test) or lateral flexion but also by prolonged standing or walking. [citation needed] Pain associated with facet syndrome is often called "referred pain" because symptoms do not follow a specific nerve root pattern. This is ...
The compressive load on the cervical facet joints predisposes to acute joint locking episodes, with pain and movement loss. [14] In older patients with already diminished cervical foramina spaces and/or osteophytes, nerve root irritation and impingement can trigger referred pain down the arm(s). [15]
The diagnosis may be suggested by symptoms of pain, numbness, paresthesia, and weakness in a pattern consistent with the distribution of a particular nerve root, such as sciatica. [6] [7] Neck pain or back pain may also be present. [medical citation needed] Physical examination may reveal motor and sensory deficits in the distribution of a ...
Medical history (the patient tells the doctor about an injury). For shoulder problems the medical history includes the patient's age, dominant hand, if injury affects normal work/activities as well as details on the actual shoulder problem including acute versus chronic and the presence of shoulder catching, instability, locking, pain, paresthesias (burning sensation), stiffness, swelling, and ...
Kehr's sign is a classic example of referred pain: irritation of the diaphragm is signaled by the phrenic nerve as pain in the area above the collarbone. This is because the supraclavicular nerves have the same cervical nerves origin as the phrenic nerve, C3, C4, and C5. [citation needed]
In other words, the facet joint between C4 and C5 vertebral segments is innervated by the C4 and C5 medial branch nerves. However, there are two exceptions: The facet joint between C2 and C3 is innervated by the third occipital nerve and the C3 medial branch nerve. The facet joint between C7 and T1 is innervated by the C7 and C8 medial branch ...
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