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The principle of a well kill revolves around the influence of the weight of a fluid column and hence the pressure exerted at the wellbore's bottom. P = h g ρ {\displaystyle P=hg\rho } Where P is the pressure at a specific depth, h, within the column, g is the acceleration of gravity and ρ is the density of the fluid.
In the well-known formula P = 0.052 * mud weight * true vertical depth. taught in almost all petroleum engineering courses worldwide, the mud weight (MW) is expressed in pounds per U.S. gallon, and the true vertical depth (TVD) is expressed in feet, and 0.052 is a commonly used conversion constant that can be derived by dimensional analysis:
In the oil industry, mud weight is the density of the drilling fluid and is normally measured in pounds per gallon (lb/gal) (ppg) or pound cubic feet (pcf) . [1] In the field it is measured using a mud scale or mud balance. Mud can weigh up to 22 or 23 ppg. A gallon of water typically weighs 8.33 pounds (or 7.48 ppg).
Drilling fluids also support portion of drill-string or casing through buoyancy. Suspend in drilling fluid, buoyed by force equal to weight (or density) of mud, so reducing hook load at derrick. Weight that derrick can support limited by mechanical capacity, increase depth so weight of drill-string and casing increase.
Mishandling mud at the surface accounts for many instances of insufficient fluid weight. Such as opening the wrong valve on the pump suction manifold and allowing a tank of lightweight fluid to be pumped; bumping the water valve so more is added than intended; washing off shale shakers; or clean-up operations. All of these can affect mud weight.
See mud log for an example of the corrected d-exponent plotted on a mud log. The parameter is an extension ("correction", hence the "c" notation) to the d-exponent method previously used for estimating formation pore pressures. The extension consists of a correction for the mud weight in use, compared to "standard" mud for the region.
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This mud type can be used as a completion and workover fluid, a spotting fluid to relieve a stuck pipe and as packer or casing fluid. They are very good for "Gumbo" shales. The mud weight can be controlled from 7–22 lbs/gal. It is sensitive to temperature but does not dehydrate as in the case of water based mud as mentioned before.