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The carotid siphon of the internal carotid artery, and cranial nerves III, IV, V (branches V 1 and V 2) and VI all pass through this blood filled space. Both sides of cavernous sinus are connected to each other via intercavernous sinuses. The cavernous sinus lies in between the inner and outer layers of dura mater. [3]
Proptosis, ptosis, chemosis, and cranial nerve palsy beginning in one eye and progressing to the other eye establish the diagnosis. Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a clinical diagnosis with laboratory tests and imaging studies confirming the clinical impression. [8]
The dural venous sinuses (also called dural sinuses, cerebral sinuses, or cranial sinuses) are venous sinuses (channels) found between the periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater in the brain. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They receive blood from the cerebral veins , and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space via arachnoid granulations .
The danger triangle of the face consists of the area from the corners of the mouth to the bridge of the nose, including the nose and maxilla. [1] [2]: 345–346 Due to the special nature of the blood supply to the human nose and surrounding area, it is possible for retrograde infection from the nasal area to spread to the brain, causing cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, or brain abscess.
The Cavernous Sinus. Each trochlear nerve originates from a trochlear nucleus in the medial midbrain.From their respective nuclei, the two trochlear nerves then travel dorsal-ward through the substance of the midbrain surrounded by the periaqueductal gray, crossing over (decussating) within the midbrain before emerging from the dorsal midbrain [3] [4] just inferior to the inferior colliculus. [4]
The ophthalmic nerve (CN V 1) is a sensory nerve of the head. It is one of three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) , a cranial nerve . It has three major branches which provide sensory innervation to the eye , and the skin of the upper face and anterior scalp , as well as other structures of the head.
The abducens nerve is most likely to show signs of damage first, with the most common complaints retro-orbital pain and the involvement of cranial nerves III, IV, V1, and VI without other neurological signs or symptoms. This presentation indicates either compression of structures in the superior orbital fissure or the cavernous sinus. [citation ...
Medially to the trigeminal ganglion are the internal carotid artery, and the posterior part of the cavernous sinus. [2] The motor root of the trigeminal nerve passes beneath the trigeminal ganglion to exit the skull through the foramen ovale. [2] The greater petrosal nerve passes underneath the trigeminal ganglion to reach the foramen lacerum.