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The two main products of chromium ore refining are ferrochromium and metallic chromium. For those products the ore smelter process differs considerably. For the production of ferrochromium, the chromite ore (FeCr 2 O 4) is reduced in large scale in electric arc furnace or in smaller smelters with either aluminium or silicon in an aluminothermic ...
Chromium compounds are compounds containing the element chromium (Cr). Chromium is a member of group 6 of the transition metals. The +3 and +6 states occur most commonly within chromium compounds, followed by +2; charges of +1, +4 and +5 for chromium are rare, but do nevertheless occasionally exist. [3] [4]
Chromium is a very common naturally occurring element. It is the 21st most abundant element in the Earth's crust with an average concentration of 100 ppm. The most common oxidation states for chromium are zero, trivalent, and hexavalent states. Most naturally occurring chromium is in the hexavalent state. [20]
Chromium concentrations in soil diversify depending on the different compositions of the sediments and rocks that the soil is made from. The chromium present in soil is a mixture of both Cr(VI) and Cr(III). [25] Certain types of chromium such as Chromium-VI has the capability to pass into the cells of organisms. Dust particles from industry ...
Chromium supplementation in general is subject to a certain amount of controversy as it is by no means clear that chromium is an essential element in human biology. [25] Nevertheless, chromium is an ingredient in total parenteral nutrition, along with other trace minerals. [26] It is also in nutritional products for preterm infants. [27]
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
For example, whether chromium is essential in humans is debated. No Cr-containing biochemical has been purified. The United States and Japan designate chromium as an essential nutrient, [11] [12] but the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), representing the European Union, reviewed the question in 2014 and does not agree. [13]
Chromium(III) chloride (also called chromic chloride) is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula Cr Cl 3. It forms several hydrates with the formula CrCl 3 · n H 2 O , among which are hydrates where n can be 5 (chromium(III) chloride pentahydrate CrCl 3 ·5H 2 O ) or 6 (chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate CrCl 3 ·6H 2 O ).