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The postictal state is the altered state of consciousness after an epileptic seizure. It usually lasts between 5 and 30 minutes, but sometimes longer in the case of larger or more severe seizures, and is characterized by drowsiness , confusion , nausea , hypertension , headache or migraine , and other disorienting symptoms.
The ICD-10 established a set of diagnostic criteria for PCS in 1992. [38] In order to meet these criteria, a patient has had a head injury "usually sufficiently severe to result in loss of consciousness" [33] [39] and then develop at least three of the eight symptoms marked with a check mark in the table at right under "ICD-10" within four weeks.
Postictal phase; The postictal phase causes are multifactorial to include alteration of cerebral blood flow and effects on multiple neurotransmitters. [10] These changes after a generalized tonic–clonic seizure cause a period of postictal sleep with stertorous breathing. Confusion and total amnesia upon regaining consciousness are also ...
Post-ictal headache. It is a headache “occurring within three hours after an epileptic seizure and remitting spontaneously within 72 hours after seizure termination”. [ 4 ] It is one of the possible symptoms of the postictal state .
However, the "reason for the close relationship of TEA with sleep is unclear. It may be that the transition from sleep to waking acts as a trigger to a seizure focus in the medial temporal lobe. Alternatively, amnesia upon waking may reflect persistent post-ictal dysfunction of medial temporal lobe structures following a seizure during sleep." [2]
A focal impaired awareness seizure affects a larger part of the hemisphere and the person may lose consciousness. If a focal seizure spreads from one hemisphere to the other side of the brain, this will give rise to a focal to bilateral seizure. [5] [6] The person will become unconscious and may experience a tonic–clonic seizure.
Todd's paresis (or postictal paresis/paralysis, "after seizure") is focal weakness in a part or all of the body after a seizure. This weakness typically affects the limbs and is localized to either the left or right side of the body.
A seizure is a sudden change in behavior, movement or consciousness due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. [3] [6] Seizures can look different in different people.. It can be uncontrolled shaking of the whole body (tonic-clonic seizures) or a person spacing out for a few seconds (absence seizure