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Rampino has been interested in climatic changes on time scales ranging from decades to hundreds of millions of years (Paleoclimatology).Early work centered on multi-year climate cooling after explosive volcanic eruptions, [18] [19] the post-glacial rise in sea level over the last 10,000 years, [20] and glacial/interglacial climate and sea level over the last 150,000 years.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to geology: . Geology – one of the Earth sciences – is the study of the Earth, with the general exclusion of present-day life, flow within the ocean, and the atmosphere.
Volcanology advances have required more than just structured observation, and the science relies upon the understanding and integration of knowledge in many fields including geology, tectonics, physics, chemistry and mathematics, with many advances only being able to occur after the advance had occurred in another field of science.
A volcanologist, or volcano scientist, is a geologist who focuses on understanding the formation and eruptive activity of volcanoes. [1] Volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, sometimes active ones, to observe and monitor volcanic eruptions , collect eruptive products including tephra (such as ash or pumice ), rock and lava samples.
Mount Tongariro (/ ˈ t ɒ ŋ ɡ ə r ɪr oʊ /; Māori: [tɔŋaɾiɾɔ]) is a compound volcano in the Taupō Volcanic Zone of the North Island of New Zealand. It is located 20 km (12 mi) to the southwest of Lake Taupō, and is the northernmost of the three active volcanoes that dominate the landscape of the central North Island.
The east side of Mount Baker in 2001. Sherman Crater is the deep depression south of the summit. Mount Baker (Nooksack: Kweq' Smánit; Lushootseed: təqʷubəʔ), [9] also known as Koma Kulshan or simply Kulshan, is a 10,781 ft (3,286 m) active [10] glacier-covered andesitic stratovolcano [4] in the Cascade Volcanic Arc and the North Cascades of Washington State in the United States.
Augustine Volcano (Alaska) during its eruptive phase on January 24, 2006. A volcano is commonly defined as a vent or fissure in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
The volcano has no recorded historic eruption but volcanism is still evident through geothermal features like mud spring and hot springs. South of the mountain is the Makiling–Banahaw Geothermal Plant. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) classifies the volcano as "Inactive". [2] Satellite view of Mount Makiling