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A graph with 6 vertices and 7 edges where the vertex number 6 on the far-left is a leaf vertex or a pendant vertex. In discrete mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a vertex (plural vertices) or node is the fundamental unit of which graphs are formed: an undirected graph consists of a set of vertices and a set of edges (unordered pairs of vertices), while a directed graph ...
A vertex of an angle is the endpoint where two lines or rays come together. In geometry, a vertex (pl.: vertices or vertexes) is a point where two or more curves, lines, or edges meet or intersect. As a consequence of this definition, the point where two lines meet to form an angle and the corners of polygons and polyhedra are vertices. [1] [2] [3]
A graph with three vertices and three edges. A graph (sometimes called an undirected graph to distinguish it from a directed graph, or a simple graph to distinguish it from a multigraph) [4] [5] is a pair G = (V, E), where V is a set whose elements are called vertices (singular: vertex), and E is a set of unordered pairs {,} of vertices, whose elements are called edges (sometimes links or lines).
A vertex may exist in a graph and not belong to an edge. Under this definition, multiple edges, in which two or more edges connect the same vertices, are not allowed. Example of an undirected multigraph with 3 vertices, 3 edges and 4 loops.
A numerical value, assigned as a label to a vertex or edge of a graph. The weight of a subgraph is the sum of the weights of the vertices or edges within that subgraph. weighted graph A graph whose vertices or edge s have been assigned weight s. A vertex-weighted graph has weights on its vertices and an edge-weighted graph has weights on its edges.
These are seen as the vertices of the vertex figure. Related to the vertex figure, an edge figure is the vertex figure of a vertex figure. [3] Edge figures are useful for expressing relations between the elements within regular and uniform polytopes. An edge figure will be a (n−2)-polytope, representing the arrangement of facets around a ...
Additional data can be stored if edges are also stored as objects, in which case each vertex stores its incident edges and each edge stores its incident vertices. Adjacency matrix [3] A two-dimensional matrix, in which the rows represent source vertices and columns represent destination vertices. Data on edges and vertices must be stored ...
They are maximally connected as the only vertex cut which disconnects the graph is the complete set of vertices. The complement graph of a complete graph is an empty graph. If the edges of a complete graph are each given an orientation, the resulting directed graph is called a tournament. K n can be decomposed into n trees T i such that T i has ...