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Racialization or ethnicization is a sociological concept used to describe the intent and processes by which ethnic or racial identities are systematically constructed within a society. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Constructs for racialization are centered on erroneous generalizations about racial aspects of distinct groups, leading to the denial of equal ...
Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society. [1] The term came into common usage during the 16th century, when it was used to refer to groups of various kinds, including those characterized by close kinship relations. [2]
This rigid definition of race is no longer accepted by scientific communities. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Instead, the concept of 'race' is viewed as a social construct . [ 3 ] This means, in simple terms, that it is a human invention and not a biological fact.
Racial formation theory is an analytical tool in sociology, developed by Michael Omi and Howard Winant, which is used to look at race as a socially constructed identity, where the content and importance of racial categories are determined by social, economic, and political forces. [1]
A racialized society is a society that has undergone strong racialization, where perceived race matters profoundly for life experiences, opportunities, and interpersonal relationships. A racialized society can also be said to be "a society that allocates differential economic , political , social , and even psychological rewards to groups along ...
Critical race theory (CRT) is an academic field focused on the relationships between social conceptions of race and ethnicity, social and political laws, and mass media.CRT also considers racism to be systemic in various laws and rules, not based only on individuals' prejudices.
The modern biological definition of race developed in the 19th century with scientific racist theories. The term scientific racism refers to the use of science to justify and support racist beliefs, which goes back to the early 18th century, though it gained most of its influence in the mid-19th century, during the New Imperialism period.
This definition is supported by the argument that power is responsible for the process of racialization and that social power is distributed in a zero-sum game. [6] [7] This view is commonly shared by social liberals and progressives. [8] [9] It also been used to define other forms of discrimination such as sexism, homophobia, and ableism. [10]