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If x is increased by a small amount dx by extending the side AC slightly to D, then y also increases by dy. These form two sides of a triangle, CDE, which (with E chosen so CE is perpendicular to the hypotenuse) is a right triangle approximately similar to ABC. Therefore, the ratios of their sides must be the same, that is:
In complex analysis, a Schwarz–Christoffel mapping is a conformal map of the upper half-plane or the complex unit disk onto the interior of a simple polygon.Such a map is guaranteed to exist by the Riemann mapping theorem (stated by Bernhard Riemann in 1851); the Schwarz–Christoffel formula provides an explicit construction.
In fact, often a polygon's spectrum consists precisely of the multiples of some number m; in this case, both the spectrum and the polygon are called principal and the spectrum is denoted . [2] For example, the spectrum of a triangle is . A simple example of a non-principal polygon is the quadrilateral with vertices (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (3/2 ...
The tangential triangle of a reference triangle (other than a right triangle) is the triangle whose sides are on the tangent lines to the reference triangle's circumcircle at its vertices. [ 64 ] As mentioned above, every triangle has a unique circumcircle, a circle passing through all three vertices, whose center is the intersection of the ...
An arbitrary coefficient can be placed in front of the x-value on either m or n, which causes the resulting equation to systematically "skip" through the triples. For example, consider the triple [20,21,29] , which can be calculated from the Euclid equations with values m = 5 and n = 2 .
The triangle DEF is called the pedal triangle of P. [17] The antipedal triangle of P is the triangle formed by the lines through A, B, C perpendicular to PA, PB, PC respectively. Two points P and Q are called counter points if the pedal triangle of P is homothetic to the antipedal triangle of Q and the pedal triangle of Q is homothetic to the ...
A triangle whose side lengths are a Pythagorean triple is a right triangle and called a Pythagorean triangle. A primitive Pythagorean triple is one in which a, b and c are coprime (that is, they have no common divisor larger than 1). [1] For example, (3, 4, 5) is a primitive Pythagorean triple whereas (6, 8, 10) is not.
[2]: p. 1 They could also construct half of a given angle, a square whose area is twice that of another square, a square having the same area as a given polygon, and regular polygons of 3, 4, or 5 sides [2]: p. xi (or one with twice the number of sides of a given polygon [2]: pp. 49–50 ).