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Japanese 10 yen coin. The date beneath the "10" reads 平成七年 Heisei year 7, or the year 1995. The most commonly used date format in Japan is "year month day (weekday)", with the Japanese characters meaning "year", "month" and "day" inserted after the numerals. Example: 2023年12月31日 (日) for "Sunday 31 December 2023".
Short format: dd/mm/yyyy (Day first, month number and year in left-to-right writing direction) in Afar, French and Somali ("d/m/yy" is a common alternative). Gregorian dates follow the same rules but tend to be written in the yyyy/m/d format (Day first, month number, and year in right-to-left writing direction) in Arabic language.
The Japanese imperial year (皇紀, kōki, or 紀元 kigen) is based on the date of the legendary founding of Japan by Emperor Jimmu in 660 BC. [15] For instance, 660 BC is counted as Kōki 1. It was first used in the official calendar in 1873. [16] Kōki 2600 (1940) was a special year.
A leading zero is optional in practice, but is mostly not used. Chinese characters that mean year, month, and day are often used as separators (e.g. 2006年1月29日). Since the characters clearly label the date, the year may be abbreviated to two digits when this format is used.
The little-endian format (day, month, year; 1 June 2022) is the most popular format worldwide, followed by the big-endian format (year, month, day; 2006 June 1). Dates may be written partly in Roman numerals (i.e. the month) [citation needed] or written out partly or completely in words in the local language.
For ranges, if "to present" or "–present" is used, the current year (or, in cases where necessary, date) of "present" at the time of writing should be included. Thus 1982–present (as of 2025) – if writing in 2025 – is preferable to 1982–present. If the "from" date has an internal space, a spaced en dash is used.
The Meiji period is a Japanese era which extended from September 8, 1868 through July 30, 1912. For the first five years (marked with an * asterisk in the first table below), the Gregorian years do not exactly equal the Japanese era years. This is because the Gregorian calendar was not adopted in Japan until Meiji 6.
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