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  2. Grouped data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grouped_data

    Another method of grouping the data is to use some qualitative characteristics instead of numerical intervals. For example, suppose in the above example, there are three types of students: 1) Below normal, if the response time is 5 to 14 seconds, 2) normal if it is between 15 and 24 seconds, and 3) above normal if it is 25 seconds or more, then the grouped data looks like:

  3. Overdispersion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overdispersion

    In statistics, overdispersion is the presence of greater variability (statistical dispersion) in a data set than would be expected based on a given statistical model.. A common task in applied statistics is choosing a parametric model to fit a given set of empirical observations.

  4. Errors-in-variables model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errors-in-variables_model

    Linear errors-in-variables models were studied first, probably because linear models were so widely used and they are easier than non-linear ones. Unlike standard least squares regression (OLS), extending errors in variables regression (EiV) from the simple to the multivariable case is not straightforward, unless one treats all variables in the same way i.e. assume equal reliability.

  5. Sheppard's correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheppard's_correction

    The cumulants of the sum of the grouped variable and the uniform variable are the sums of the cumulants. As odd cumulants of a uniform distribution are zero; only even moments are affected. As odd cumulants of a uniform distribution are zero; only even moments are affected.

  6. Fixed effects model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_effects_model

    The group means could be modeled as fixed or random effects for each grouping. In a fixed effects model each group mean is a group-specific fixed quantity. In panel data where longitudinal observations exist for the same subject, fixed effects represent the subject-specific means.

  7. Generalized linear mixed model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_linear_mixed_model

    Various approximate methods have been developed, but none has good properties for all possible models and data sets (e.g. ungrouped binary data are particularly problematic). For this reason, methods involving numerical quadrature or Markov chain Monte Carlo have increased in use, as increasing computing power and advances in methods have made ...

  8. Compact letter display - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_letter_display

    Each variable that shares a mean that is not statistically different from another one will share the same letter. [2] [3] [4] For example: ”a” “ab” “b” The above indicates that the first variable “a” has a mean (or average) that is statistically different from the third one “b”.

  9. Proportionate reduction of error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionate_reduction_of...

    The summary statistics is particularly useful and popular when used to evaluate models where the dependent variable is binary, taking on values {0,1}. Example [ edit ]