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The Exif tag structure is borrowed from TIFF files. On several image specific properties, there is a large overlap between the tags defined in the TIFF, Exif, TIFF/EP, and DCF standards. For descriptive metadata, there is an overlap between Exif, IPTC Information Interchange Model and XMP info, which also can be embedded in a JPEG file.
Exif: Exchangeable Image File Format .exif EVA Extended Vector Animation Sharp Corporation.eva application/x-eva EXR: OpenEXR ILM.exr image/exr Used in film effects for 3d rendering and hdr images. Yes [5] FITS: Flexible Image Transport System .fit, .fits Scientific (esp. astronomical) data acquisition FLIC: Autodesk.fli, .flc, .flx, .flh, .flt
RawTherapee - Can read "rating" tags from embedded XMP, which are then shown in the File Browser/Filmstrip using RawTherapee's star rating system. Shotwell - Linux/GNOME photo manager, can read/write Exif, IPTC and XMP metadata; TYPO3 - open source Enterprise CMS. DAM component reads XMP (PHP based)
file name, comments, most Exif and meta data Yes linear, block, complex Yes Exif and IPTC Yes many editing function Yes Yes Yes by changing EXIF orientation and not in editor Yes Geotagging, batch processing, detect duplicate/similar images, export to Internet/social media/HTML Eye of GNOME: No No Yes Yes Rotate Yes unconfigurable Yes F-Spot: Yes
The TIFF/EP standard does however have a few notable differences from the Exif standards: All tags used by TIFF/EP which are defined by the Exif standard to reside within the Exif Sub-IFD now reside directly under the first (main) TIFF IFD. The Exif IFD Sub-IFD, Interoperability Sub-IFD and the MakerNote Tag have all been omitted.
The Exif specification [39] builds upon TIFF. For uncompressed image data, an Exif file is straight off a TIFF file with some private tags. For JPEG compressed image data, Exif uses the JPEG File Interchange Format but embeds a TIFF file in the APP1 segment of the file. The first IFD (termed 0th in the Exif specification) of that embedded TIFF ...
ExifTool is commonly incorporated into different types of digital workflows and supports many types of metadata including Exif, IPTC, XMP, JFIF, GeoTIFF, ICC Profile, Photoshop IRB, FlashPix, AFCP and ID3, as well as the manufacturer-specific metadata formats of many digital cameras.
JPEG/Exif is the most common image format used by digital cameras and other photographic image capture devices; along with JPEG/JFIF, it is the most common format for storing and transmitting photographic images on the World Wide Web. [9]