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Consumer Reports is a United States-based non-profit organization which conducts product testing and product research to collect information to share with consumers so that they can make more informed purchase decisions in any marketplace.
The project publishes drug reports. The first three reports covered Statins to reduce high cholesterol, heartburn drugs, and NSAIDs commonly used to treat arthritis. The project covers over 20 conditions and the most widely used drugs. [5] The reports are published in web versions and two-page PDF summaries in English and Spanish.
Consumer Reports (CR), formerly Consumers Union (CU), is an American nonprofit consumer organization dedicated to independent product testing, investigative journalism, consumer-oriented research, public education, and consumer advocacy.
Hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium are chromium ions—they have different numbers of electrons and, therefore, different properties. Trivalent chromium, or chromium(III), is the form of chromium that is essential to human health. [3] Hexavalent chromium, or chromium(VI), is an unequivocally toxic form.
Chromium supplementation in general is subject to a certain amount of controversy as it is by no means clear that chromium is an essential element in human biology. [25] Nevertheless, chromium is an ingredient in total parenteral nutrition , along with other trace minerals. [ 26 ]
Chromium(III) can be obtained by dissolving elemental chromium in acids like hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, but it can also be formed through the reduction of chromium(VI) by cytochrome c7. [9] The Cr 3+ ion has a similar radius (63 pm) to Al 3+ (radius 50 pm), and they can replace each other in some compounds, such as in chrome alum and alum.
This study looks at chronic oral exposure of hexavalent chromium in rats, and its association with cancer. The other study mentioned is a human health assessment of chromium, titled Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium. The final human health assessment is currently in the stage of draft development. [47] This stage is the first of seven.
A variety of other chromium(III) sulfates are known, but also contain hydroxide or oxide ligands. Most important commercially is basic chromium sulfate, which is thought to be [Cr 2 (H 2 O) 6 (OH) 4]SO 4 (CAS#39380-78-4). [2] It results from the partial neutralization of the hexahydrates. Other chromium(III) hydroxides have been reported. [3]