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Documents and other information must be properly marked "by the author" with one of several (hierarchical) levels of sensitivity—e.g. restricted, confidential, secret, and top secret. The choice of level is based on an impact assessment; governments have their own criteria, including how to determine the classification of an information asset ...
The U.S. no longer has a Restricted classification, but many other countries and NATO documents do. The U.S. treats Restricted information it receives from other governments as Confidential. The U.S. does use the term restricted data in a completely different way to refer to nuclear secrets, as described below.
This list covers security clearance terms used in the United States of America. Within the U.S. government, security clearance levels serve as a mechanism to ascertain which individuals are authorized to access sensitive or classified information.
In this way, a document, for instance, could be classified as "Secret" (S), "Secret//Restricted Data" (S//RD), or "Secret//Restricted Data-Critical Nuclear Weapon Design Information" (S//RD-CNWDI) depending on the type of information a document contains. Formerly Restricted Data (FRD) is a category also designated in the Atomic Energy Act of ...
Eyes only is jargon used with regard to classified information.Whereas a classified document is normally intended to be available to readers with the appropriate security clearance and a need to know, an "eyes only" designation, whether official or informal, indicates that the document is intended only for a specific set of readers.
Classified information in the United Kingdom is a system used to protect information from intentional or inadvertent release to unauthorised readers. The system is organised by the Cabinet Office and is implemented throughout central and local government and critical national infrastructure.
Controlled vocabulary terms can accurately describe what a given document is actually about, even if the terms themselves do not occur within the document's text. Well known subject heading systems include the Library of Congress system , Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) created by the United States National Library of Medicine , and Sears .
Historically, the Government Protective Marking Scheme was used by government bodies in the UK; it divides data into UNCLASSIFIED, PROTECT, RESTRICTED, CONFIDENTIAL, SECRET and TOP SECRET. This system was designed for paper-based records; it is not easily adapted to modern government work and is not widely understood.