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Plate engraving was the methodology of choice for music printing until the late nineteenth century, at which point its decline was hastened by the development of photographic technology. [1] Nevertheless, the technique has survived to the present day, and is still occasionally used by select publishers such as G. Henle Verlag in Germany.
Mechanical plate engraving was developed in the late sixteenth century. [10] Although plate engraving had been used since the early fifteenth century for creating visual art and maps, it was not applied to music until 1581. [10] In this method, a mirror image of a complete page of music was engraved onto a metal plate.
Micarta is a brand name for composites of linen, canvas, paper, fiberglass, carbon fiber, or other fabric in a thermosetting plastic. It was originally used in electrical and decorative applications. Micarta was developed by George Westinghouse at least as early as 1910 using phenolic resins invented by Leo Baekeland. These resins were used to ...
Siderography is a mechanical process developed by Jacob Perkins in the early 1800s enabling the unlimited reproduction of engraved steel plates. [1] The process enables the transfer of an impression from a steel plate to a steel cylinder in a rolling press. [2]
Micarta is an early composite insulating plate that used Bakelite as a binding agent. It was developed in 1910 by the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, which put the new material to use for casting synthetic blades for Westinghouse electric fans. [81]
Rotogravure (or gravure for short) is a type of intaglio printing process, which involves engraving the image onto an image carrier. In gravure printing, the image is engraved onto a cylinder because, like offset printing and flexography, it uses a rotary printing press.